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Compare Netherlands Antilles (2003) - Tunisia (2001)

Compare Netherlands Antilles (2003) z Tunisia (2001)

 Netherlands Antilles (2003)Tunisia (2001)
 Netherlands AntillesTunisia
Administrative divisions none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)


note: each island has its own government
23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.7% (male 27,383; female 26,122)


15-64 years: 67.1% (male 69,233; female 75,956)


65 years and over: 8.1% (male 7,244; female 10,288) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
28.74% (male 1,440,636; female 1,348,133)

15-64 years:
65.12% (male 3,157,988; female 3,161,596)

65 years and over:
6.14% (male 296,930; female 299,819) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds
Airports 5 (2002) 32 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


2038 to 3047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
15

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
17

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
7 (2000 est.)
Area total: 960 sq km


land: 960 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin)
total:
163,610 sq km

land:
155,360 sq km

water:
8,250 sq km
Area - comparative more than five times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Georgia
Background Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, the island of Curacao was hard hit by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of oil refineries to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields. The island of Saint Martin is shared with France; its northern portion is named Saint-Martin and is part of Guadeloupe, and its southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles. Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGIUBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society.
Birth rate 15.76 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 17.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $710.8 million


expenditures: $741.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
revenues:
$7.5 billion

expenditures:
$8.1 billion, including capital expenditures to $1.6 billion (2000 est.)
Capital Willemstad Tunis
Climate tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Coastline 364 km 1,148 km
Constitution 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles


local long form: none


local short form: Nederlandse Antillen


former: Curacao and Dependencies
conventional long form:
Republic of Tunisia

conventional short form:
Tunisia

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah

local short form:
Tunis
Currency Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG) Tunisian dinar (TND)
Death rate 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 4.99 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.35 billion (1996) $13 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954; Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Consul General Deborah A. BOLTON


consulate(s) general: J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad AN, Curacao


mailing address: P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao


telephone: [599] (9) 4613066


FAX: [599] (9) 4616489
chief of mission:
Ambassador Rust DEMMING

embassy:
144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[216] (1) 782-566

FAX:
[216] (1) 789-719
Diplomatic representation in the US none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands) chief of mission:
Ambassador Hatem ATALLAH

chancery:
1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005

telephone:
[1] (202) 862-1850
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million $933.2 million (1995); note - ODA, $90 million (1998 est.)
Economy - overview Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP has declined or remained even in each of the past six years, the islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, the US and Mexico being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth averaged 5.5% in the past four years, and inflation is slowing. Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this steady growth. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and Mediterranean countries to be activated. Under the agreement Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in government efficiency are among the challenges for the future.
Electricity - consumption 986.8 million kWh (2001) 8.677 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 19 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 165 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.061 billion kWh (2001) 9.173 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
99.2%

hydro:
0.8%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mount Scenery 862 m
lowest point:
Shatt al Gharsah -17 m

highest point:
Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m
Environment - current issues NA toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, East Asian Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Exchange rates Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.79 (2000), 1.79 (1999), 1.79 (1998) Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.3753 (January 2001), 1.4667 (November 2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997), 0.9734 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen BEATRIX of the Netherlands (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Frits GOEDGEDRAG (since 1 July 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Mirna LOUISA-GODETT (since 11 August 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the Staten


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a six-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the Staten; election last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held by NA 2006)


note: government coalition - PDB, DP-St. M, FOL, PLKP, PNP
chief of state:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

head of government:
Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100%
Exports NA (2001) $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities petroleum products textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Exports - partners US 20.9%, Guatemala 12%, Venezuela 10.5%, Guyana 6.6%, Singapore 4.4%, Cuba 4% (2002) Germany 28%, France 22%, Italy 17%, Belgium 5%, Libya 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $62.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 15%


services: 84% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
14%

industry:
32%

services:
54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,400 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $6,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0% (2002 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 15 N, 68 45 W 34 00 N, 9 00 E
Geography - note the five islands of the Netherlands Antilles are divided geographically into the Leeward Islands (northern) group (Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten) and the Windward Islands (southern) group (Bonaire and Curacao) strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Highways total: 600 km


paved: 300 km


unpaved: 300 km
total:
23,100 km

paved:
18,226 km

unpaved:
4,874 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
30.7% (1990)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center -
Imports NA (2001) $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities crude petroleum, food, manufactures machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food
Imports - partners Venezuela 60.8%, Mexico 11.7%, US 9.7% (2002) France 23%, Germany 23%, Italy 15%, Belgium 3% (1999)
Independence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) 20 March 1956 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 4.1% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao) petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
29.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 0.4% (2002 est.) 3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), Interpol, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate) ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 6 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 3,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch) Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Labor force 89,000 2.65 million (2000 est.)

note:
shortage of skilled labor
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (2000 est.) services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Land boundaries total: 10.2 km


border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km
total:
1,424 km

border countries:
Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Land use arable land: 10%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 90% (1998 est.)
arable land:
19%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
44% (1993 est.)
Languages Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)
Legal system based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Legislative branch unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 18 January 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FOL 5, PAR 4, PNP 3, PLKP 2, DP-St.M 2, UPB 2, DP 1, MAN 1, PDB 1, WIPM 1


note: the government of Prime Minister Mirna LOUISA-GODETT is a coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3, FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats; the opposition increased number of seats from 19 to 34
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.38 years


male: 73.16 years


female: 77.7 years (2003 est.)
total population:
73.92 years

male:
72.35 years

female:
75.62 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 96.7%


male: 96.7%


female: 96.8% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
66.7%

male:
78.6%

female:
54.6% (1995 est.)
Location Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela; the other is east of the Virgin Islands Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Africa
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 147 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,122,189 GRT/1,398,649 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 56, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 27, liquefied gas 5, multi-functional large-load carrier 15, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 27, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 1


note: includes foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 3, Denmark 2, Germany 43, Monaco 8, Netherlands 52, New Zealand 1, Norway 3, Peru 1, Spain 1, Sweden 3, UK 5 (2002 est.)
total:
15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 149,554 GRT/156,861 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands -
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $356 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.5% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 55,155 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
2,739,566 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 30,840 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
1,561,484 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2003 est.) 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 1,643 (2003 est.) males:
105,146 (2001 est.)
National holiday Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Nationality noun: Dutch Antillean(s)


adjective: Dutch Antillean
noun:
Tunisian(s)

adjective:
Tunisian
Natural hazards Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October NA
Natural resources phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only) petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Net migration rate -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km
Political parties and leaders Antillean Restructuring Party or PAR [Miguel POURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics or FAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [Errol COVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten or SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi]; Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic Labor Movement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St. Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious Alternative People's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS [Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Will JOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, Rignald LAK, Editha WRIGHT]


note: political parties are indigenous to each island
Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed
Population 216,226 (July 2003 est.) 9,705,102 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 6% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate 0.9% (2003 est.) 1.15% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios - 2.06 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
2,168 km

standard gauge:
471 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
1,687 km 1.000-m gauge

dual gauge:
10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails)
Religions Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.99 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 20 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: generally adequate facilities


domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links


international: submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available

domestic:
trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay

international:
5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Telephones - main lines in use 76,000 (1995) 654,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,977 (1996) 50,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 3 (there is also a cable service, which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997) 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain generally hilly, volcanic interiors mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Total fertility rate 2.04 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15% (1998 est.) 15.6% (2000 est.)
Waterways none none
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